Can PGT help reduce recurrent miscarriage?
Recurrent miscarriage can be a devastating challenge for couples trying to build their families. One cutting-edge technology offering hope in such cases is Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy (PGT-A). Professor Gavin Sacks, an expert in reproductive health, recommended PGT-A for his patients Alicia & Chris in Channel 9’s Big Miracles, as they had suffered from multiple miscarriages.
To learn more about how PGT-A works, who it can help, and its role in reducing miscarriage risk, Professor Sacks shares his insights.
What Is PGT-A, and How Does It Work?
PGT stands for Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy. This advanced technique is used in IVF (in vitro fertilization) to evaluate the genetic health of embryos before implantation. During an IVF cycle, embryos are biopsied at the blastocyst stage—an early developmental phase.
The process involves:
- Biopsy: A few cells are carefully taken from the outer layer of the blastocyst, leaving the embryo safe and intact.
- Freezing: The embryo is frozen while the cells are sent to the Virtus Health PGT lab for testing.
- Genetic Analysis: The lab examines the cells for chromosomal abnormalities.
“Embryos often fail to implant due to imbalances in chromosome numbers,” explains Professor Sacks. Humans typically have 46 chromosomes, and any deviation—whether more or fewer—can lead to implantation failure, miscarriage, or, in rare cases, developmental abnormalities like Down syndrome. PGT-A helps select embryos with the correct number of chromosomes, increasing the likelihood of implantation success and a healthy pregnancy.
Who Can Benefit Most from PGT-A?
PGT-A is not necessary for all IVF patients. However, some groups may find it particularly beneficial:
- Couples experiencing recurrent miscarriages.
- Women over the age of 35, as age increases the risk of chromosomal abnormalities in embryos.
- Those who have had repeated IVF failures.
While any couple can choose to add PGT-A to their IVF cycle, consultation with a fertility specialist can help determine if it’s the right option.
What Does PGT-A Test For?
PGT-A is a screening test for chromosomal numbers, identifying the most common chromosomal problems that can lead to miscarriage or implantation failure. However, it does not assess all possible genetic conditions.
“For couples at risk of passing on specific genetic diseases, additional specialist testing may be necessary,” advises Professor Sacks. This can include preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic conditions (PGT-M) for targeted genetic conditions, which is separate from PGT-A.
Does PGT-A Affect Embryo Viability?
Some couples worry that the biopsy process might harm the embryo or reduce its chances of success. However, Professor Sacks reassures us that the technique is safe: “The biopsy involves taking a few cells from the very outside of a blastocyst, leaving the embryo safe and intact.” There is only a very small risk of damage to the embryo.
Costs of PGT
The financial aspect of PGT is an important consideration. According to Professor Sacks, “The cost is the same as IVF, plus an extra $735 per embryo tested.” This cost can add up, but for many couples, the potential to avoid the emotional and financial toll of recurrent miscarriage or unsuccessful IVF cycles makes it worthwhile.
Alternatives to PGT-A
PGT is not the only strategy for reducing miscarriage risk. Couples should undergo a full investigation for other causes of miscarriage, which may include:
- Hormonal imbalances
- Blood clotting disorders
- Immune abnormalities
- Karyotyping to look for chromosome structural rearrangements
Addressing these issues can guide therapies that support early pregnancy, even in naturally conceived pregnancies. “These plans are often developed alongside an IVF and PGT strategy,” notes Professor Sacks.
What Next?
If you would like to learn more about PGT and your fertility options, we would be happy to have a chat 1800 111 483.